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National Geographic : 1973 Jan
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Studying Wildlife by Satellite By FRANK CRAIGHEAD, Jr., Ph.D. and JOHN CRAIGHEAD, Ph.D. Photographs by the authors 120 WHILE MEN WALK on the moon, taking giant strides for mankind, wildlife biologists like ourselves reap benefits for animal research in an unusual spin-off of the space program. For years scientists have relied on direct observation to unlock the secrets of animal migration, orientation, and timing. In recent decades radio and radar have joined our list of observation aids. We have fitted radio transmitter collars on grizzly bears and elk and tracked the animals for months. Orni thologists can follow a single migrating bird with a giant radar antenna. But these instruments have limited ranges -about 100 miles-and many mysteries re main: How do polar bears find their way in the Arctic? By what internal compasses do sea turtles navigate 1,400 miles of open water to lay their eggs? What regulator allows bears
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