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National Geographic : 1919 Dec
Contents
THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE The obverse shows Morro Castle, at the en trance to Havana Harbor. The reverse of most of the Navy and Marine Corps medals is an eagle standing on a foul anchor and directly below the words' "For service"; above appears "United States Navy" or "United States "Marine Corps," as the case may be; in the lower part is a wreath of laurel and oak. The ribbon is the same as for the Army medal. 31. THE PHILIPPINE CAMPAIGN MEDAL was given for duty on naval vessels or on shore in the Philippine Islands between February 4, 1899, and July 4, 1902, the period of the mili tary occupation; or on shore in the Depart ment of Mindanao, co-operating with the Army, between February 4, 1899, and Decem ber 31, 1904. The obverse shows an old gate in the city wall of Manila. The ribbon is the same as that used by the Army. 32. THE MEDAL FOR NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS IN THE WEST INDIES, 1898, popularly known as the "Sampson Medal," was authorized by act of Congress March 3, 1901, and was awarded to all officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps who participated in any of the naval engagements in the West Indies between May 6, 1898, and August 14, 1898. The medal is provided with bronze bars above the ribbon bearing the names of the ships on which the recipient served. On the obverse is a bust of Admiral Sampson and on the reverse a group of figures on the deck of a ship, the central figure being an officer, another a sailor firing a rapid-fire gun, and the third a marine with a rifle in his hand; below is the name of the engagement. 33. THE CHINA RELIEF EXPEDITION MEDAL was awarded to officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps who took part in this ex pedition between May 24, 1900, and May 27, 1901. The obverse shows the Chic men, the main gate to the walled city of Peking, with an imperial Chinese dragon below. The ribbon is the same as in the Army. 34. THE MANILA BAY MEDAL, commonly known as the "Dewey Medal," was authorized by act of Congress approved June 3, 1898, to commemorate the victory of Manila, and was awarded to all officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps who took part in that battle of May I, 1898. It was designed by the sculptor, Mr. Daniel C. French, and on the obverse is the bust of Admiral Dewey. The reverse shows a seaman sitting on a naval gun and grasping the staff of a flag draped across his lap; below is stamped the name of the ship on which the recipient served in the bat tle. This medal is unique in that it is sus pended from a bar by a link and the ribbon merely hangs behind the medal and is not in any way connected with the suspension thereof. The bar shows an American eagle with its wings spread over the sea, a sword hilt to the right and an olive branch on the left. The ribbon is in the Navy colors, blue and gold. 35. THE CUBAN PACIFICATION MEDAL was awarded to officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps who formed part of the expedi tionary force sent to Cuba in 19o6. The ob verse shows Columbia presenting an olive branch to Cuba, the Dove of Peace hovering above. The same ribbon as the Army medal is used. 36. THE NICARAGUAN CAMPAIGN MEDAL commemorates the naval expedition, consisting mostly of marines, which went to the aid of the Government of Nicaragua in 1912. A short but sharp campaign ensued in which the revo lutionary forces were defeated, order was re stored, and our troops withdrawn. It was awarded to all officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps who took part in the expe dition between August 28, 1912, and November 2, 1912. The obverse shows the Nicaraguan volcano, Mt. Momotombo, rising from Lake Managua behind a tropical forest. 37. THE HAITIAN CAMPAIGN MEJAL" com memorates an expedition to Haiti in 1915, similar to the Nicaraguan Expedition (see No. 36). A detachment of marines has remained on the island ever since to insure the preserva tion of order, but the medal was awarded only to the members of the joint naval and marine expedition which conducted the active cam paign between July 9 and December 6, 1915. The obverse represents a view from the sea of the mountains of Cape Haitien, with the sea in the foreground. The colors of the ribbon are red and blue, the same as the national colors of Haiti. 38. THE MEXICAN CAMPAIGN MEDAL was given to officers and men of the Navy and Ma rine Corps who served at Vera Cruz on April 21, 22, or 23, 1914, when the Navy landed and occupied that city; also to all who served on shipboard off the Mexican coast between April 21 and November 26, 1914, or between March 14, 1916, and February 7, 1917; also to any who. were actually present and participated in an en gagement between armed forces ofthe United States and Mexico between April' 2, 1911, and February 7, 1917. The obverse shows the old castle of San Juan de Ulloa in the harbor of Vera Cruz. The ribbon is the same as for the Army medal. THE EXPEDITIONARY RIBBON, MARINE CORPS (see illustration under No. 21, Life Saving Medal, second class), shows participation in' one or more of the numerous expeditions to,, foreign countries undertaken by detachments of Marines, and for which no campaign medal is awarded'. Sixteen expeditions are thus com memorated between 1902 and 1917-nine to Panama, two each to Cuba and Nicaragua, and one each to China, Abyssinia, and Korea. This list is a good illustration of the diverse em ployment of the Marine Corps. There is no medal, only a service ribbon in the colors of the Marin orpe Corps. The number of the expedi tions in which the wearer participated is shown by a bronze numeral in the center of the ribbon, a unique feature in decorations. THE VICTORY MEDAL THE VICTORY MEDAL (see illustration, page 464) is to commemorate the recent war with Germany and is awarded to all officers, enlisted men, field clerks, and nurses who served in Army, Navy, or Marine Corps between April 6, 1917, the date of the declaration of war against Germany, and November 11, 1918, the date of 507
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