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National Geographic : 1919 Dec
Contents
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY GEOGRAPHIC ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS SIXTEENTH AND M STREETS NORTHWEST, WASHINGTON, D. C JOHN E. PILLSBURY, President GILBERT GROSVENOR, Director HENRY WIIITE, Vice-President JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE, Vice-Director O. P. AUSTIN, Secretary GEORGE W. HIUTCHISON, A\sociat' Secretary JOHN JOY EDSON, Treasurer EXECUTIVE STAFF OF TIIE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE GILBERT GROSVENOR, EDITOR AND DIRECTOR JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE, Associate Editor and Vice-Director WILLIAM J. SIIOWALTER Assistant Editor RALPH A. GRAVES Assistant Editor JESSIE L. BURRALL Chief of School Service FRANKLIN L. FISHER Chief of Illustrations Division BOARD OF MANAGERS 1918-1920 1919-1921 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL CHARLES J. BELL WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT Inventor of the telephone President American Security and Ex-President of the United States Trust Company - J. TOWARD GORE Prof. Emeritus Mathematics, The JOIIN JOY EDSON George \Vashington University Chairman of the Board. Wash ington Loan & Trust Company A. WXV.GREELY Arctic Explorer, Major General U. S. Army GILBERT GROSVENOR Editor of National Geographic Magazine ROBERT E. PEARY Discoverer of the North Pole, Rear Admiral, U. S. Navy GEORGE OTIS SMI'TI[ Director of U. S. Geological Sur vey O. II. TITTMANN Formerly Superintendent of U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey IENRY WHITE Member American Peace Com mission, and Recently U. S. Ambassador to France, Italy, etc. DAVID FAIRCIILD In Charge of Agricultural Explo rations, U. S. Department of Agriculture C. HART MERRIAM Member National Acadcmy of Sciences O. P. AUSTIN Statistician FRANKLIN, K. LANE Secretary of the Interior C. M. CHESTER Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, For merly Supt. U. S. Naval Ob servatory FRIEDE-IRICK V. COVILLE Botanist, U. S. Department of Agriculture RUDOLPHI KAUFFMANN Managing Editor The Evening Star GEORGE R. PUTNAM T. L . MACDONALD Commissioner U. S. Bureau of M. )., F.A.C.S. Lighthouses GEORGE SIIIRAS, 3D Formerly Member U. S. Con gress, Faunal Naturalist, and Wild-Game Photographer S. N. D. NORTH Formerly Director IU. S . Bureau of Census JOHN E. PILLSBURY GRANT SQUIRES Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, For Military Intelligence Division, nmerly Chief Bureau of Navi General Staff, New York gation ORGANIZED FOR "THE INCREASE AND DIFFUSION OF GEOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE" To carry out the purpose for which it was founded thirty-one years ago, the National Geographic Society publishes this Magazine. All receipts from the publication are invested in the Magazine itself or expended directly to promote geographic knowledge and the study of geography. Articles or photographs from members of the Society, or other friends, are desired. For material that the Magazine can use, generous remuneration is made. Contributions should be accompanied by an addressed return envelope and postage, and be ad dressed: Editor, National Geographic Magazine, I6th and M Streets, Washington, D. C . Important contributions to geographic science are constantly being made through expeditions financed by funds set aside from the Society's income. For example, immediately after the terrific eruption of the world's largest crater, Mt. Katmai, in Alaska, a National Geographic Society expedition was sent to make observa tions of this remarkable phenomenon. So important was the completion of this work considered that four expeditions have followed and the extraordinary scientific data resultant given to the world. In this vicinity an eighth wonder of the world was discovered and explored-"The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes," a vast area of steaming, spouting fissures, evidently formed by nature as a huge safety-valve for erupting Katmai. By proclamation of the President of the United States, this area has been created a National Monument. The Society organized and supported a large party, which made a three-year study of Alaskan glacial fields, the most remarkable in existence. At an expense of over $50,ooo it has sent a notable series of expeditions into Peru to investigate the traces of the Inca race. The discoveries of these expeditions form a large share of the world's knowledge of a civilization whicl was waning when Pizarro first set foot in Peru. Trained geol ogists were sent to Mt. Pelee, Ia Soufriere, and Messina following ti-e eruptions and earthquakes. The Society also had the honor of subscribing a substantial sum to the historic expedition of Admiral Peary, who discovered the North Pole April 6. 1O09. Not long ago the Society granted $20.ooo to the Federal Government when the congressional appropriation for the purchase was insufficient, and the finest of the giant sequoia trees of California were thereby saved for the American people and incorporated into a National Park. Copyright, 1919, by National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C. All rights reserved. Entered at the Post-Office at Washington, D. C., as Second-Class Mail Matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Sec. 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July i, 1918. 1917-1919
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