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National Geographic : 2015 Dec
Contents
0mi 500 0km 500 SCALE AT THE EQUATOR Confirmed Possible Historic, circa 1750 Greater than 300 1 sq km equals 0.39 sq mi Subspecies Subspecies limit JAVAN Human population density (per sq km) Leopard range EQUATOR PACIFIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN SAHARA Kalahari Desert HIMAL AYA Siberia SABI SAND RESERVE CEDERBERG WILDERNESS SANJAY GANDHI NATIONAL PARK Durban Mumbai (Bombay) Junnar Akole KWAZULU-NATAL LIMPOPO WEST BENGAL VIETNAM CHINA RUSSIA N. KOREA S. KOREA RUSSIA CAMBODIA THAILAND INDIA NEPAL SRI LANKA PAKISTAN AFGHANISTAN TAJIKISTAN UZBEKISTAN TURKM. IRAN IRAQ SYRIA JORDAN OMAN U.A.E. YEMEN SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEL LEBANON EGYPT SUDAN SOUTH SUDAN CENTRAL AFRICAN REP. CHAD ERITREAETHIOPIA KENYA CAMEROON GABON CONGO SENEGAL MALI ALGERIA MAURITANIA TUNISIA MOROCCO NIGER NIGERIA BENIN TOGO EQUATORIAL GUINEA GUINEA- BISSAU GAMBIA LIBERIA SIERRA LEONECÔTE D’IVOIRE (IVORY COAST) GHANA BURKINA FASO GUINEA AZERBAIJAN GEORGIA ARMENIA TURKEY BHUTAN BANGLADESH MYANMAR (BURMA) LAOS INDONESIA MALAYSIA SOMALIA DJIBOUTI TANZANIA DEM. RE P. OF THE CONGO ZAMBIA ANGOLA NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE BOTSWANA SOUTH AFRICA LESOTHO SWAZILAND UGANDA BURUNDI RWANDA MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE AFRICA AUSTRALIA ASIA JAVAN AMUR NORTH CHINESE INDOCHINESE SRI LANKAN INDIAN PERSIAN ARABIAN AFRICAN Leopard sizes vary significantly even within each subspecies. AFRICAN (Panthera pardus pardus) Population size: unknown PERSIAN (Panthera pardus saxicolor) 800-1,300 ARABIAN (Panthera pardus nimr) 50-200 SRI LANKAN (Panthera pardus kotiya) 700-950 INDIAN (Panthera pardus fusca) 12,000-14,000 INDOCHINESE (Panthera pardus delacouri) Fewer than 2,500 JAVAN (Panthera pardus melas) 350-525 AMUR (Panthera pardus orientalis) Fewer than 60 NORTH CHINESE (Panthera pardus japonensis) Fewer than 500 Critically endangered Endangered Vulnerable Changing Spots Leopards are gone from much of their historic range. Burgeoning cities, agriculture, and deforestation have fragmented habitat, and humans with a taste for bush meat are demolishing food supplies. The animals are taken for pelts, trophies, and body parts used in traditional medicine, and they’re killed by farmers trying to protect their livestock. Despite these losses, leopards remain the most widespread and adaptable of all big cats. Panthera pardus includes nine subspecies, from petite Arabians to robust Africans. (So-called snow leopards are a separate species, more closely related to tigers than to leopards.) Black leopards occur in several subspecies. They’re most common in Malaysian and Indo- nesian forests. Crowded Out of Asia Where human numbers rise, leopards lose ground, despite legal protections. Over the past decade in India, as many as four leopards a week have been lost to poaching.
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