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National Geographic : 2015 Aug
Contents
BORGIA FAMILY MEDICI THEOPHYLACT FAMILY Marozia Pope Sergius III DELLA ROVERE 0 A.D. 500 400 200 300 100 500 600 700 900 800 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1300 1800 1900 2000 42 Martyred/killed Canonized/beatified Country of origin A key to the popes 266 popes 80 Canonized (sainted) 9 Beatified (blessed) 209 from Italy 16 from France 41 from other/ unknown Antipopes The papal line begins with Peter, the disciple Jesus Christ chose as the “rock” on which to build his church, according to the Gospel of Matthew. The unbroken succession, which continues with Francis, includes pontiffs who are revered, such as Peter and John Paul II, and others notorious for their transgressions. Forces led by Muhammad conquer Mecca, ushering in the age of Islam Umayyads conquer the Iberian Peninsula The Frankish King Pépin establishes the first papal states with a donation of territory St. Gregory III is the last pope from Asia (Syria) Gregory XI moves the papacy back to Rome (last French pope) Alexander VI of the Borgia family has multiple mistresses and illegitimate children. His son Cesare becomes a cardinal and the model for Machiavelli’s prince. Last Moors in Spain are defeated Martin Luther is excommuni- cated by Pope Leo X for re- fusing to recant his 95 theses “St. Gregory the Great,” by Francisco de Goya “St. Peter,” by Peter Paul Rubens St. Gregory the Great The first monk to become pope, he consolidates papal territories and helps shift the church’s focus from the fading Roman Empire toward western Europe, initiating the conversion of the British Isles to Christianity. Avignon Papacy With political instability in Italy, Clement V moves the papacy to Avignon, marking a period of French influence. He works to divert the warriors of feuding Euro- pean countries into the Crusades. Western Schism A split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 sees three rival popes vying for authority. The election of Martin V by cardinals from all three factions secures the line of Roman popes as legitimate. Constantinople falls to the Ottomans SAINTSAND SINNERS
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