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National Geographic : 1903 Jun
Contents
TETRAHEDRAL PRINCIPLE IN KITE STRUCTURE ferent stages in the process of construc tion: i. Tetrahedral cell employed in mak ing the framework of the wind-break. 2, 3, and 4. The wind-break in pro cess of construction. Plate V.-i. Wind-break completed, showing canvas rolled down. 2. Wind-break showing canvas raised. 3. End view of wind-break. 4. Model of the framework for a tet rahedral house. 5. Tetrahedral nuts for fastening tet rahedral frames together. Plate VI.-i. The observation-house where the kite experiments are observed and noted. The house itself is of the tetrahedral form. 2. Front view of winged boat, the framework of which is constructed of tetrahedral cells. 3. Another view of the winged boat. 4. The winged boat in the air. Plate VII.-I. A tetrahedral frame of tetrahedral cells, winged on the outside, with an internal aeroplane. 2. A kite formed of two tetrahedral structures like that in No. I connected together by a framework composed of tetrahedral cells. 3. The kite of No. 2 fitted with com pound tetrahedral frames at either end converting the framework into the form of a boat. This same kite with the framework covered constitutes the winged boat shown in Nos. 2, 3, and 4, Plate VI. 4.ThekiteofNo.2intheair. Plate VIII.- 3 . Non-capsizable kite. When from any cause the kite tips to one side the lifting power increases on the depressed side and diminishes on the ele vated side, thus tending to right the kite. i. Non-capsizable kite flying from flag-pole. 2. Tetrahedral frame used in the con struction of the winged boat shown in Plate VI; also used in the structures shown in Plate VII. 4. Portions of the kite shown in Plate VII, No. 3, in sections ready to be tied together. Plate IX.-Photographs illustrating mode of studying the behavior of bodies in the air, whether these bodies are capa ble of supporting themselves in the air or not. They are attached to the end of a bamboo pole by a cord sufficiently short to prevent them from dashing themselves to pieces upon the ground. A flag-pole is used for large kites, but a bamboo fishing rod is more convenient for testing the flying qualities of the smaller structures. In the cases shown in the plate, the cord is a manila rope, about ' inch in diameter. Such a rope is too heavy for light kites, but smaller cords make so little impression on the photographic film that it is often diffi cult when such cords are used to un derstand the conditions of an experi ment from a photograph. i. A single set of triangular cells con stituting a hexagonal figure with six interior radial wings. 2. A single set of triangular cells con stituting the figure of a triangle within a triangle. 3. A kite with three sets of triangular cells. 4. Kite shown in No. 3 flying from a bamboo pole. 5. Two-celled triangular kite with rope attached to rear edge of front cell. 6. Same kite shown in No. 5 flown by the bow. Plate X.-These photographs illus trate experiments with kites formed partly of open tetrahedral cells, with the spaces between the cells covered. i. Kite with two pentahedral cells close together, each cell having three of its five faces covered. The rectan gular part of the kite is braced diag onally by means of tightly stretched wires. 2. SamekiteshowninNo. Iat acon siderable elevation in the air. 3. Similar kite with four pentahedral cells close together, each cell having 249
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