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National Geographic : 1916 Sep
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© Underwood & Underwood A STACK OF JAM FOR THE ARMY AT SALONIKI The ensuing two hundred years were the most unhappy in the troubled history of the Thessalonians, who were fought over and bandied about by Greeks, Bul gars, Serbs, Catalans, Venetians, and Turks. The latter first appeared on the scene in 1380. They did not definitely take possession, however, till 143o. Then Sul tan Mourad II, father of the conqueror of Constantinople, captured the town from the Venetians, gave it over to sack and massacre, carried off seven thousand of the inhabitants into slavery, and changed many of the churches into mosques or tore them down for use in his own constructions. Some of the mar bles of Saloniki were carried as far away as Adrianople. UNDER TURKISH RULE FOR 500 YEARS For nearly five hundred years the Turks remained in undisturbed posses sion. Yet it is perhaps not quite accurate to describe their possession as undis- turbed; for during the latter part of that period the frontiers of the empire drew steadily nearer, while toward the end of it Macedonia became the scene of incessant revolutionary outbreaks. In 1904 the European Powers at tempted to solve the situation by making Saloniki the seat of an international board that administered the finances of Macedonia and organized a well-drilled and well-equipped gendarmerie. This foreign surveillance, which threatened to become closer after the historic Reval conference of 1908, precipitated the Turkish revolution of the same year. The revolution was organized in Sa loniki and proclaimed there, the official ring-leaders of the movement being Ny azi Bey and Enver Bey, now Enver Pasha, Minister of War and guiding spirit of the Young Turks. In 1909 the progress of the revolution brought about the dethronement of Sultan Abd-iil Hamid II, who was thereupon exiled to Saloniki. Nowhere else in the empire
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